Earth's Most Precious Stone

Diamond

Born three billion years ago in the molten heart of the earth, forced to the surface by ancient volcanoes — diamond is pure carbon transformed by time and pressure into something eternal.

Explore Properties Discover History
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10
Mohs Hardness — The Maximum
3B
Years Old — Average Diamond Age
3,500°
°C Formation Temperature
2.42
Refractive Index

Pure carbon,
infinite beauty

Every diamond is a single crystal of carbon atoms arranged in a cubic lattice — each atom bonded to four others in a tetrahedral pattern. This perfect geometry, locked under pressures of 45–60 kilobars, creates the hardest naturally occurring substance on Earth.

When light enters a diamond, it slows to 124,000 km/s — barely 41% of its vacuum speed — then shatters into a spectrum of colour through the stone's facets. That signature fire is what makes diamonds endlessly mesmerising.

  • Cubic Crystal System Atoms lock into a face-centred cubic structure, giving diamond its isotropic strength.
  • Exceptional Thermal Conductivity Diamond conducts heat faster than any metal — up to 2,200 W/m·K.
  • Chemical Inertness Resistant to virtually all acids and bases; unaffected by normal chemistry.
  • Optical Dispersion A dispersion of 0.044 splits white light into vivid rainbow flashes — diamond's "fire".
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Dive Deeper

"A diamond is a chunk of coal that did well under pressure."
— Henry Kissinger